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The 5 V output has a crowbar for overvoltage

CR8 (a 5.6 V zener) and SCR1 form an overvoltage crowbar on the +5 V output: if the 5 V climbs too high, the SCR fires and shorts the output to protect the logic chips. Setting the 5 V adjust pot too high can fire the crowbar.

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Source: System 80 Service Manual, Gottlieb